Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin

Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin
Combination of
DapagliflozinSGLT-2 inhibitor
SaxagliptinDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
Clinical data
Trade namesQtern
AHFS/Drugs.comProfessional Drug Facts
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
KEGG


Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin is a combination medication designed to help manage diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition that affects how the body handles glucose (sugar). This medication combines two active ingredients, dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin, to address different aspects of diabetes control. Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin sold under the brand name Qtern.[2][3] It is a combination of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin.[2][3] It is taken by mouth.[2][3]

The most common side effects include upper respiratory tract infection (such as nose and throat infections) and, when used with a sulphonylurea, hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels).[3]

Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin was approved for medical use in the European Union in July 2016, and in the United States in February 2017.[3][4]

Synergistic Mechanism of Action

Dual-Action Approach: The combination of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin provides a dual-action approach to diabetes management. Dapagliflozin addresses excess glucose in the urine, reducing blood glucose levels independently of insulin, while saxagliptin fine-tunes glycemic control by modulating incretin dynamics.

Comprehensive Glycemic Control: By targeting different pathways involved in glucose regulation, the combination aims to achieve comprehensive glycemic control. This is particularly beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes who may have varying degrees of insulin resistance and impaired incretin function.

Potential Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits: Beyond glycemic control, both dapagliflozin and saxagliptin have shown potential cardiovascular and renal benefits in clinical studies. The combination's dual mechanism may contribute to these additional positive outcomes, providing a holistic approach to diabetes care.

Medical uses

In the United States dapagliflozin/saxagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.[2]

In the European Union it is indicated in adults aged 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus:

  • to improve glycemic control when metformin with or without sulphonylurea (SU) and either saxagliptin or dapagliflozin does not provide adequate glycemic control.[3]
  • when already being treated with saxagliptin and dapagliflozin.[3]

Adverse effects

  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): While less common with dapagliflozin alone, it can occur, especially if used in conjunction with other antidiabetic medications.
  • Dehydration: Excessive loss of fluids through increased urine output may lead to dehydration, particularly if fluid intake is insufficient.
  • Genital Infections: There may be an increased risk of genital yeast infections in both men and women.
  • Pancreatitis: In rare cases, saxagliptin has been associated with inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
  • Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, such as rash or swelling.
  • Hypoglycemia: The risk of hypoglycemia may be present, especially if the combination is used with other antidiabetic medications.
  • Renal Function Changes: Both dapagliflozin and saxagliptin may affect kidney function, and regular monitoring is recommended.

Use in Pregnancy

  • When it comes to combination therapy with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin, the cumulative effects on pregnancy and fetal development need careful consideration.
  • The safety of using this combination during pregnancy has not been extensively studied, and therefore, caution is advised.

References

  1. ↑ "Dapagliflozin / saxagliptin (Qtern) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Qtern- dapagliflozin and saxagliptin tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Qtern EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2020. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  4. ↑ "Drug Approval Package: Qtern (dapagliflozin and saxagliptin)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 10 October 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2020.


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