List of nail conditions

This is a list of terms used to describe nails in nail diseases.[1][2] Some are normal variants.[3] Most can be diagnosed by their appearance.[4] There may be a change in color, shape, surface, or attachment of the nail.[5][6][7]

Types

  • Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
  • Acquired abnormalities of nail colour[8]
  • Infections of the nail or perionychium[8]
  • Certain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[8]
  • Genetic defects of nails or nail growth[8]

Nail conditions

A-F

Nail abnormality atlas (A-F)
NameTypesSigns and symptomsImageNotes
Anonychia[9] The absence of finger- and/or toenails.[9]
Beau’s lines Varying depths of transverse grooves across the nail due to reduced growth or arrest of nail growth.[10]
Chevron nail Also known as Herringbone nail, is a transient fingernail ridge pattern seen in children.[1]
Chromonychia Brown-black nails (melanonychia)[11] Acquired abnormalities of nail color[8]
Blue nails[9]
Green nails
Red nails[11]
White nails: Terry's nails[9]
Clubbing[10] Congenital
Acquired
Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
Darier disease
Drug side effect

G-I

Nail abnormality atlas (G-I)
NameDescriptionImage
Habit-tic deformity[11]
Half and half nail[9]
HangnailAn annoying torn piece of skin, next to a fingernail or toenail.[1]
Hapalonychia
Hook nail
Hutchinson sign[12]
Ingrown nail Ingrowing toenail[10]
Infected ingrowing toenail

J-N

Nail abnormality atlas (J-N)
NameDescriptionImage
Koilonychia[3]
  • Spoon-shaped nails (thin and curve upwards)[3]
  • Normal in babies[3]
Lichen planus of nails
Mees' lines[9]
Muehrcke's nails[9]
Myxoid cyst
Nail–patella syndrome
Nail splitting

O

Nail abnormality atlas (O)
NameDescriptionImage
Onychauxis[9]
Onychia
Onychogryphosis[9]Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Onycholysis[6] Psoriatic Psoriatic onycholysis File:Drug-induced onycholysis (DermNet NZ reactions-onycholysis3).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Drug-induced

(Tetrayclines, taxanes)[6]

 Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Infections

(Candida, dermatophytes, HPV)[6]
Endocrine

(Hyperthyroidism)[6]
Tumor

(Subungal exostosis, SCC)[6]
Trauma[6]
Onychophosis
Onychomadesis[3]Shedding of nails from base[3]

New nail simultaneously appearing[3]

Following viral infection[3]
Onychomatricoma
Onychomycosis
Onychorrhexis[9]Excessive ridges from frequent hand washing.[9]
Onychoschizia[9]

P

Nail abnormality atlas (P)
NameTypesSigns and symptomsImageImageNotes
Paronychia[14] Acute[14]
Chronic[14]
Bacterial[14]
Viral[14]
Fungal[14]
Non-infectious[14]
Pachyonychia congenita Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Periungal fibroma
Pincer nail
Pitted nails[9]Small, pinpoint depressions in a nail, which may give a clue to diagnosing conditions such as psoriasis and alopecia areata.[1][9]Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Platonychia
Plummer's nail
Psoriatic onychodystrophy
Pterygium inversus unguis[1]
Pterygium unguis[1]

Q-Z

Nail abnormality atlas (Q-Z)
NameDescriptionImage
Racquet nail
Shell nail syndrome
Splinter hemorrhage[9]
Subungal exostosis
Subungual hematomaCertain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[8]
Trachonychia[9]
Yellow nail syndrome[9][10]Acquired abnormalities of nail color[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "33. Diseases of the skin appendages". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 750–793. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  2. ↑ "Nail terminology | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bellet, Jane Sanders (2021). "Paediatric nail disorders". In Lipner, Shari (ed.). Nail Disorders: Diagnosis and Management, An Issue of Dermatologic Clinics. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 231–244. ISBN 978-0-323-70923-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  4. ↑ Singal, Archana; Neema, Shekhar; Kumar, Piyush, eds. (2019). Nail Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8153-7834-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  5. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 165–174. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2021). "58. Nail disorders". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 561–573. ISBN 978-0-323-62453-4. Archived from the original on 2024-01-20. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  7. ↑ Saavedra, Arturo; Roh, Ellen K.; Mikailov, Anar (2023). "32.Disorders of the nail apparatus". Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 9/e (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 849–872. ISBN 978-1-264-27801-5. Archived from the original on 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "2. Diagnostic clues and "need-to-know" items". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 30–33. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Tosti, Antonella (2020). "413. Diseases of hair and nails". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2660–2661. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  11. 1 2 3 Sloan, Brett; Muzumdar, Sonal (2022). "15. Conditions that frequently affect a single nail". In Waldman, Reid A.; Grant-Kels, Jane M. (eds.). Dermatology for the Primary Care Provider. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 268–272. ISBN 978-0-323-71236-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  12. ↑ Bose, Shiti; Khandare, Manish; Kulkarni, Dipak; Joseph, Jebin (January 2023). "A Compendium of Common Signs in Dermoscopy, Trichoscopy, and Onychoscopy". Clinical Dermatology Review. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_74_21. ISSN 2542-551X. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  13. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dulski, Anne; Edwards, Christopher W. (2022). "Paronychia". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
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