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See also:Other events of 1919
List of years in Hungary

The following lists events in the year 1919 in Hungary.

Incumbents

Events

January

  • January 1 – Czechoslovaks enter Bratislava
  • January 3 –
    • Romania begins pacifying the Jiu Valley by collecting weapons[1]
    • Mass looting in Salgótarján, after the communist-aligned workers' council takes control. A detachment from Hatvan restores order with about 18 deaths and 50 injuries.[2][3]
  • January 6 – First clash between Romanian and Hungarian forces at Aghireșu (Egeres)[4]
  • January 7 -
    • At an MSZDP meeting, Károlyi and Kunfi intervenes against Garami so that the party does not withdraw from government[5]
    • A pro-Czechoslovak Ruthenian council in Prešov declares Carpathian Ruthenia for Czechoslovakia[6]
  • January 8
    • Hutsul Republic declared in Yasinia (Kőrösmező)
    • Transylvanian Saxons declare for Romania in Mediaș
    • Allied economic committee sent by the American mission of Archibald Cary Coolidge arrives to Budapest, lead by Alonzo E. Taylor[7][8][9]
  • January 10 – French troops occupy a buffer zone in the Banat between Serbian and Romanian troops
  • January 11 – Mihály Károlyi named provisional President of the Republic by the National Council, tasked to form a new government[10]
  • January 12 – Czechoslovakia captures Uzhgorod (Ungvár)[11]
  • January 13 –
    • Székely Division halts Romanian advance at Crișeni (Cigányi)[12]
    • Árpád Paál finishes his memorandum on a "Székely Republic"
  • January 14 – Romanians arrest István Apáthy for trying to resist the establishment of Romanian administration in Cluj[13]
  • January 15–29 – Czechoslovakia temporarily occupies Balassagyarmat, pushed out by local resistance
  • January 16 – Furthest advance of combined Hutsul Republic and West Ukrainian forces into Carpathian Ruthenia. They reach Sighetu Marmației and Chop, confronted with Romanian and Czech troops respectively[14]
  • January 16–29 – Battle of Ciucea (Csucsa), Romanian advance halted
  • January 19
    • Berinkey Government is formed[15]
    • Hungarian National Defense Association (MOVE) rally at Gólyavár. Gömbös's speech against the Károlyi regime. Gömbös becomes president of MOVE.
    • West Ukrainians withdraw from Chop and Mukachevo
  • January 21 –
    • Telegram by Clemenceau demands Romanians halt their advance[16][17]
    • All-People's Transcarpathian Congress in WUPR-occupied Khust declare for Ukraine
  • January 23 – Central Workers' Council expels communists from unions
  • January 29 – Act VI of 1919: Autonomy established for Germans in West Hungary. Géza Zsombor appointed as governor.[18]
  • January 31 – Disarmament of the population in Makó leads to a firefight, 5 people are killed

February

  • February 1 – Paris Peace Conference decides to cede Transylvania to Romania, details are delegated to sub-committee led by André Tardieu[19]
  • February 2 – Act XVII of 1919 on land reform passed, mostly never implemented[20]
  • February 3 – János Junker appointed minister for the German minorities
  • February 5 – The Czech delegation presents its proposal to the Paris Peace Conference, including the Czech Corridor[21]
  • February 8 - First meeting (of 12) of the Commission on Romanian and Yugoslav Affairs at the Paris Peace Conference[22]
  • February 12 –
    • Czech forces leave Chop (Csap)
    • Czechoslovak legions shoot at unarmed German and Hungarian social democratic protestors in Bratislava. 9 Deaths and 32 serious injuries
  • February 13 – Communists attack the Military Nursing Office and remove its leadership[23]
  • February 16 - Act XVIII of 1919 on land reform[24]
  • February 19 –
    • István Bethlen forms the Party of National Unification (NEP)[25]
    • Paris Peace Conference proposes a Neutral Zone between Romania and Hungary[26]
  • February 20 – Communists attack MSZDP newspaper Népszava's building, 8 fatalities
  • February 21 –
    • Communist leaders arrested. Béla Kun is beaten up and imprisoned
    • 100-150 thousand pro-MSZDP workers demonstrate against the communist attack[27]
  • February 22 – Jászi dissolves his Civic Radical Party, advising his followers to join the Social Democrats
  • February 23 – Károlyi ceremonially starts land reform on his own Heves county estates (Kápolna)[28]
  • February 23–26 – Battle of Zalău (Zilah)
  • February 26 – Paris Peace Conference approves the finalized version of the neutral zone between Romanian and Hungarian forces[29][30]
  • February 27 – Paris Peace Conference establishes its Committee on Czecho-Slovakia. It would hold ten sessions, last on May 5.[31]
  • February 28 - March 5 – Czech Corridor proposal discussed and rejected under Italian pressure[32]

March

  • March 1 –
    • Free elections scheduled for April 10[33]
    • Army of Hungary lead by Paul-Joseph de Lobit separated from the Armée d'Orient
  • March 2 – Mihály Károlyi's speech in Szatmárnémeti in front of the Székely Division, declaring armed resistance against allied territorial demands
  • March 4 – Elections held in Rus'ka Krajina[34]
  • March 5 – People's Law establishes a Party-list proportional system, never implemented[35]
  • March 12 - Act XIX. of 1919 on Slovak Autonomy[36]
  • March 15 - Election rally of János Vass is crashed by József Migray's band[37]
  • March 20
    • The Vix Note demands Hungary withdraw over 100 km to the Szeged - Debrecen - Vásárosnamény line
    • Berinkey Government resigns
    • Hungarian National Council dissolved[38]
  • March 21
    • MSZDP and KMP unite to form the Socialist Party of Hungary
    • Károlyi falls from power
    • Hungary rejects the Vix Note
    • 17:00 – Soldiers' Council declares for the communists, takes control of key points of Budapest[39]
    • Hungarian Soviet Republic declared
    • from 22:00 – First joint meeting of the Socialist Party of Hungary, Revolutionary Governing Council established[40]
  • March 22 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is proclaimed to the public on the famous "To Everyone!" (Mindenkihez!) posters.
  • March 23 – Czechoslovak massacre in Želiezovce (Zselíz) kills 5 people[41]
  • March 26 – Red Guard established
  • March 29-April 6 – Székelys revolt in Ținutul Sării (Sóvidék)

April

  • April 1 - The National Guard and Financial Guard are merged into the Red Army
  • April 4
    • Provisional constitution establishes new election system
    • Lands above 100 acres nationalized
  • April 4–5 – Smuts Mission: Jan Smuts offers a more favorable demarcation line, the Soviet government rejects it
  • April 5 - On its last session, the Commission on Romanian and Yugoslav Affairs approves its border proposal for the Romanian-Hungarian border and the division of the Banat[42]
  • April 7–14 – Council elections in Soviet Hungary
  • April 10 – Zala county is split into Lower and Upper Zala counties counties
  • April 12 – Bethlen forms the Antibolsevista Comité (ABC) in Vienna[43]
  • April 14 – Anti-Soviet group formed in French-occupied Szeged by Béla Kelemen.[44]
  • April 16 – Successful Romanian offensive launched to capture Tiszántúl and Carpathian Ruthenia
  • April 19–24 – Counter-revolution in Carpathian Ruthenia
  • April 21–22 – Counter-revolution in Alsólendva
  • April 23
    • Romanians enter Debrecen[45]
    • Böhm becomes commander of Tiszántúl operations[46]
  • April 26
    • ABC sends Gyula Gömbös to Szeged[47]
    • Part of the Székely Battalion surrenders at Demecser[48]
  • April 27
    • Czechoslovakia invades Soviet Hungary
    • French troops occupy Makó[49]

May

  • May 1
    • Romanians cross the Tisza at Tiszafüred and Szolnok, but withdraw on Entente pressure[50]
    • Hungarian workers' militias cross the Danube at Komárom, massacred by Czechoslovak forces[51][52]
    • Oszkár Jászi emigrates to Vienna[53]
  • May 2
    • Morning: Böhm dispatches Parlimentairs to negotiate armistices with the intervention, later recalled[54]
    • Czech forces capture Miskolc[55]
    • Full-scale Czechoslovak attack on Salgótarján begins
    • Kun and Böhm speak in front of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council, call for the mobilization of the proletariat, resolve to continue fighting[56]
    • Bankgasse robbery: ABC members steal 100 million Korona from the Hungarian Embassy in Vienna
    • In the power vacuum, counter-revolutionaries establish control in Szolnok, lead by Lajos Thurzó, Antal Bordás-Lassenberg and Andor Kuster. A white guard of 700-800 men is formed.[57]
  • May 3 - Red army (by Tibor Szamuely and Ottó Steinbrück) re-captures Szolnok from Romanians and counter-revolutionaries[58]
  • May 5
    • Counter-revolution breaks out in Devecser
    • First counter-revolutionary government formed by Gyula Károlyi in Arad[59]
    • Last session of the Committee on Czecho-Slovakia
  • May 6 – ABC militia raid repulsed at Bruck am Leitha
  • May 8
    • Central Ruthenian National Council headed by Ágoston Volosin declares the union Carpathian Ruthenia with Czechoslovakia
    • Committees of the Paris Peace Conference present recommended border with Romania and Czechoslovakia to the Council of Foreign Ministers[60][61][62]
  • May 9 The Workers' Council's system of Tursted Men is abolished in the Red Army[63]
  • May 10 – Anti-Soviet Social Democrat Garami negotiates with Sir Thomas Montgomery-Cuninghame in Vienna[64]
  • May 12 –
    • Supreme Council of the Paris Peace Conference accepts border proposals, aside from Burgerland these match the final Trianon border[65][66]
    • Guido Romanelli is delegated to Budapest from the Italian Allied Mission in Vienna.
  • May 15 – Last session of the ABC. They agree that Pál Teleki should join the Arad/Szeged government, while Bethlen should stay to represent them from Vienna[67]
  • May 18 – Romanians enter Arad
  • May 19–20 – Battle of Kisterenye, Hungary repulses Czech attempts to encircle Salgótarján
  • May 20–21 – Hungary re-captures Miskolc, then repulses a combined Czech-Romanian counter-attack. French advisors replace Italians in the Czech army
  • May 29 – Republic of Prekmurje declared
  • May 30 Northern Campaign against Czechoslovakia begins[68]
  • May 31 – The Arad government flees to French-occupied Szeged. Some members are interned by Romanian forces. The First Szeged Government formed, including some former ABC members.[69] Miklós Horthy becomes Minister of Defense.

June

  • June 1 – Railway strike begins in Transdanubia[70]
  • June 4 – Counterrevolution in Nagycenk[71]
  • June 6
    • Hungary re-captures Košice (Kassa)
    • Second Szeged Government established
    • The Szeged Government establishes the National Army lead by Horthy
  • June 7 – The Paris Peace Conference urges Hungary to withdraw, but does not specify a demarcation line. Béla Kun requests clarification, prompting the conference to finalize the border
  • June 10 – Hungary re-captures Bardejov (Bártfa), effectively cutting off Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia[72]
  • June 12 – Paris Peace Conference resolves Hungary's future border with Romania and Czechoslovakia[73]
  • June 13 – Clemenceau Note: Clemenceau urges Hungary to withdraw from Slovakia, presents Hungary with the approved borders
  • June 14 – National Assembly of Councils, the Soviet Republic's legislature convenes for the first and only time
  • June 16 – Slovak Soviet Republic declared
  • June 18 – Counter-revolutionary uprisings around the areas of Dunapataj, Rackeve, Ersekcsanad, Szekszard, Kalocsa and extending up to Transdanubia, brutally suppressed [74]
  • June 22 – Pellé's final ultimatum to cease hostilities in Slovakia[75]
  • June 23
    • Final constitution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary passed
    • Hungarians in Apátfalva rise up against Romanian occupation. The returning Romanian forces kill 41 people in retaliation.[76]
  • June 24
    • Ceasefire between Hungary and Czechoslovakia ends the Northern Campaign, effective from 5:00 at dawn[77]
    • Counter-revolutionary uprising in Budapest by Ludovika militias and the Danubian flotilla
    • Counter-revolutionary uprising in Szentendre[78]
  • June 29
    • Hungary withdraws from Slovakia (to July 7)
    • Right-wing paramilitaries of the Graz Command raid Fürstenfeld for weapons.[79]

July

  • July 3 – Aurél Stromfeld resigns from Command
  • July 5 – Mihály Károlyi flees from Hungary
  • July 11 – Paris Peace Conference cedes Burgerland to Austria[80]
  • July 12 – Gyula Károlyi resigns to Dezső Ábrahám to allied preassure, forming the Third Szeged Government
  • July 20 – Hungary launches its offensive across the Tisza[81]
  • July 22 – Czechoslovak legionaries blow up third of Mária Valéria Bridge on the Štúrovo side
  • July 23 – Böhm negotiates with Cuninghame in Vienna
  • July 24 – Romanian counter attack in Tiszántúl crushes the Red Army
  • July 25 – Mass murder in Hódmezővásárhely
  • July 28 – Romanian forces cross the Tisza at Tiszalök
  • July 31 – Romanians capture Szolnok

August

  • August 1
    • Béla Kun and the Revolutionary Governing Council resigns, effectively ending the Hungarian Soviet Republic. Gyula Peidl forms a purely social democratic government by the approval of the Soldiers' and Workers' council
    • Hungarian counter-attack briefly re-captures Szolnok[82]
    • Romanians capture Füzesabony, Miskolc is cut off from Budapest
  • August 2
    • The Peidl Government restores the Hungarian People's Republic
    • Romanians capture Cegléd, the encircled troops in Szolnok surrender or flee by 3 PM.
  • August 3
    • Romanian forces enter Timișoara
    • Red Guard dissolved
    • Defense minister Haubrich orders secession of hostilities, the disarmament of the Red Army remnants[83]
    • Counter-revolutionary takeover begins in Vas County
  • August 4
    • Romanian forces enter Budapest
    • First units of the National army leaves Szeged to Transdanubia, lead by Pál Prónay
    • Former ABC members, the Szeged Government and Vilmos Böhm negotiate in Jockey Club, Vienna. The Graz Command refuses to accept the Peidl Government and decides to invade Hungary[84]
  • August 5 - The Paris Peace Conference agrees to send a military mission to Budapest[85]
  • August 6
    • Anton Lehár arrives to Szombathely, takes command of counter-revolutionary forces in West Hungary
    • Habsburg legitimist Friedrich overthrows Peidl
  • August 7 –
    • Freidrich declares Archduke Joseph August head of state as Regent
    • Archduke Joseph August appoints Friedrich as Prime Minister, forms a Provisional Caretaker Government
    • Lehár's legitimists enter Kőszeg after "some resistance"[86]
  • August 9 –
    • Horthy declares himself independent of the Szeged Government
    • Romanians capture Székesfehérvár[87]
  • August 11 –
    • Allied Military Mission arrives to Budapest (Harry Hill Bandholtz, Reginald Gorton, Jean César Graziani, and Ernesto Mombelli)
    • The remaining brigade of the Székely Battalion arrives to Mosonmagyaróvár[88]
  • August 12
    • Yugoslavia occupies Prekmurje
    • Joseph August declares Horthy Supreme Commander
  • August 13
    • Horthy flies from Szeged to Siófok to take command of his troops in Transdanubia[89]
    • Czechoslovakia crosses the Danube across Bratislava, occupying Ligetfalu (Petržalka)[90]
    • Antal Szigray declared governor of West Hungary (Moson, Sopron, Vas, Zala)[91]
  • August 15 –
    • Horthy takes oath to Joseph August, formally installed as Supreme Commander[92][93]
    • Friedrich forms a new government
  • August 17 – Council of Germans in Güssing (Németújvár) declare for Austria[94]
  • August 18 – Romania occupies Veszprém and Győr[95]
  • August 19 – Third and last Szeged Government resigns
  • August 20
    • Horthy's Order 95/II, declares command over all Hungarian forces[96]
    • Friedrich Government declares martial law[97]
  • August 21 – Romanians raid Mosonmagyaróvár[98]
  • August 23 – Archduke Joseph August resigns to allied pressure
  • August 24 – Social Democratic Party of Hungary re-established by Károly Peyer
  • August 25 – Christian Social and Economic Party founded
  • August 28 – Romanians raid Kapuvár[99]
  • August 30 – Christian National Party founded

September

  • September 3 – National Smallholders and Agricultural Laborers' Party Party founded
  • September 8 – Friedrich visits Szombathely, negotiates with local forces[100]
  • September 9 – Pogrom in Tapolca and Diszel kills 15 people[101]
  • September 10 – Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Allies cede Burgerland to Austria
  • September 21–23 – Horthy visits Western Transdunabia, negotiates with local forces

October

  • October 2 –November 14 – Romanians withdraw from Transdunabia
  • October 5 – Harry Hill Bandholtz prevents the Romanian looting of the Hungarian National Museum.[102]
  • October 23 – Sir George Clerk arrives to Budapest
  • October 25 – Christian National Party and Christian Social and Economic Party unifies to form the Christian National Union Party (KNEP)

November

  • November 1 – Horthy denounces violence against Jews committed by the National Army[103]
  • November 5 – Negotiations lead by George Clerk, an agreement is reached that Miklós Horthy will enter Budapest. Horthy promises not to establish military dictatorship or start a pogrom in Budapest
  • November 7 – Paris Peace Council issues ultimatum to Romania to withdraw from Hungary.[104]
  • November 14 – Romanians leave Budapest
  • November 16 – Horthy's National Army ceremonially enter Budapest
  • November 17 – 5985. M.E. of 1919 s. decree re-affirms universal secret suffrage (from age 24, with literacy requirements for women)
  • November 21 – National Smallholders and Agricultural Laborers' Party and National 48-er Independence and Agricultural Laborers' Party unite to form the United Smallholders and Agricultural Laborers' Party (OKGFP)
  • November 23 – Romania finished withdrawal to the Tisza River
  • November 24 – Huszár Government formed with Clerk's supervision
  • November 27 – Border clash with Yugoslavia at Rédics. Hungarians march on Alsólendva but repulsed

December

  • December: Allies send provisional missions to Hungary, Thomas Hohler (UK), Maurice Fouchet (France), and Vittorio Cerruti (Italy)
  • December 1 – Hungary is invited to the Paris Peace Conference
  • December 8–18 – Czech forces withdraw from Balassagyarmat, Salgótarján, Ózd, Sátoraljaújhely, etc. to the future Trianon border

Births

  • 9 January – György Bulányi
  • 10 February – Juci Komlós
  • 10 February – Ferenc Bessenyei

Deaths

  • 27 January – Endre Ady
  • 8 April – Loránd Eötvös
  • 6 June – Jenő Kvassay
  • 20 June – Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka
  • 2 August – Tibor Szamuely

References

  1. ↑ Schuller 2005, p. 6
  2. ↑ Borsányi 1988, pp. 156-7
  3. ↑ https://mnl.gov.hu/mnl/nml/salgotarjani_januar
  4. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 32.
  5. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 378
  6. ↑ "Történelmi áttekintés". www.karpatalja.com.ua. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  7. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 65
  8. ↑ Győrffy, Sándor (1954). "Adalékok az antant hatalmak magyarországi politikájához". Századok. 88 (4): 569–592
  9. ↑ Glant, T. (2002). HERBERT HOOVER AND HUNGARY, 1918-1923. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS), 8(2), 95–109. JSTOR 41274190
  10. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 78
  11. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 429
  12. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 32.
  13. ↑ Borsányi 1988, p. 148
  14. ↑ "Történelmi áttekintés". www.karpatalja.com.ua. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  15. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 61
  16. ↑ Ormos 1998, p. 37
  17. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 33.
  18. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 62
  19. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 288
  20. ↑ Kft, Wolters Kluwer Hungary. "1919. évi XVIII. néptörvény - 1.oldal - Ezer év törvényei". net.jogtar.hu. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  21. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 61
  22. ↑ Csüllog 2020, p. 145
  23. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 401
  24. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 429
  25. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 429
  26. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 406
  27. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 403
  28. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 377
  29. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 429
  30. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 406
  31. ↑ "A második demarkációs vonal, valamint az június 12-ei szlovák magyar végleges határ a cseh szlovák javaslatok és követelések tükrében * - PDF Ingyenes letöltés". docplayer.hu. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  32. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 61
  33. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 78
  34. ↑ Völgyes 1971, p. 102
  35. ↑ Ormos 1998, p. 32
  36. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 429
  37. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 381
  38. ↑ Hatos 2021, p. 55
  39. ↑ Hatos 2021, p. 61
  40. ↑ Hatos 2021, p. 69
  41. ↑ Demkó 2020, pp. 128-129
  42. ↑ Csüllög 2020, p. 145
  43. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 430
  44. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 17
  45. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 37.
  46. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 171
  47. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 13
  48. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 36
  49. ↑ Ablonczy 2020, p. 172
  50. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 174
  51. ↑ "A komáromi áttörés – 1919. május 1". tortenelemportal.hu. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  52. ↑ https://www.komarom.hu/kisterseg/admin/kt_file_upload_kisterseg/komaromi_attores.pdf
  53. ↑ Hatos 2018, p. 416
  54. ↑ Liptai 1984, p. 226
  55. ↑ Liptai 1984, p. 225
  56. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, pp. 174-176
  57. ↑ Szabó 1959, p. 2
  58. ↑ "Vörös- és fehérterror Szolnokon". Rubicon (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2023-05-17.
  59. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 430
  60. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, pp. 288-292
  61. ↑ Cartledge 2011, p. 326
  62. ↑ "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Volume IV - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  63. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 177
  64. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 192
  65. ↑ Cartledge 2011, p. 326
  66. ↑ MacMillan 2003, p. 344
  67. ↑ Romsics 1995, p. 106
  68. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 179
  69. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 430
  70. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 78
  71. ↑ "A népszavazástól a vasfüggönyig | Száz Magyar Falu | Kézikönyvtár". www.arcanum.com (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  72. ↑ Romsics 2004, p. 430
  73. ↑ Ormos 1998, p. 57
  74. ↑ Romsics, Ignác (1982). A Duna-Tisza köze hatalmi-politikai viszonyai 1918-19-ben. Értekezések a történeti tudományok köréből. Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-2769-9.
  75. ↑ Gusztáv 1992, p. 184
  76. ↑ Marosvári, Attila (2021). Vérengzés Apátfalván (1919. június 23–24.) Erőszak, ellenállás és megtorlás a román katonai megszállás idején. Clio Intézet. ISBN 978-615-6231-04-8.
  77. ↑ Liptai 1984, p. 244
  78. ↑ Magyar Endre, Lénárd (2020). „A rémuralom készséges szolgája kívánt lenni”? - Perjessy Sándor és a Tanácsköztársaság elleni felkelés Szentendrén (1919. június 24–25.) (in Hungarian). Clio Intézet. ISBN 978-615-00-8235-6.
  79. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 80
  80. ↑ 98
  81. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 33.
  82. ↑ Liptai 1984, p. 256
  83. ↑ Liptai 1984, p. 257
  84. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 26
  85. ↑ Ránki, G. (1967). A Clerk-misszió történetéhez. Történelmi Szemle, 10.
  86. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 29
  87. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 34.
  88. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 43
  89. ↑ Sakmyster 1994, p. 29
  90. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 90
  91. ↑ Murber 2021, p. 84
  92. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 35
  93. ↑ Sakmyster 1994, p. 29
  94. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 34
  95. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 34.
  96. ↑ Zsiga 1989, pp. 41-42
  97. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 65
  98. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 34.
  99. ↑ Gulyás 2021, p. 34.
  100. ↑ Zsiga 1989, p. 67
  101. ↑ tapolcaimedia, 101 évvel ezelőtt történt – Pogrom Diszelben (in Hungarian), retrieved 2023-04-18
  102. ↑ Ablonczy 2020, p. 46
  103. ↑ Ormos 1998, p. 75
  104. ↑ "At the Paris Peace Conference, James T. Shotwell". www.gwpda.org. Retrieved 2023-04-13.

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