Climate change has had serious consequences in Azerbaijan since the start of the 21st century. The climate of Azerbaijan was 1.3 degrees hotter by 2010.[1] The Caspian Sea is shrinking.[2] Azerbaijan will host the United Nationals Climate Change conference in 2024, known as COP29.[3]

Greenhouse gas emissions

Climate Trace estimates 2022 greenhouse gas emissions will reach 91 million tonnes CO2eq, with over 40% of emissions from fossil fuel production.[4]

Fossil fuel production

There is a petroleum industry in Azerbaijan and fossil gas is exported. Over 90% of exports from Azerbaijan are petroleum-based.[5] Azerbaijan has over 7 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves under the Caspian Sea.[6]

Energy consumption

This is estimated at about 16% of GHG.[4]

Transportation

This is estimated at about 10% of GHG.[4]

Deforestation

A 2014 study says that overgrazing was a problem.[7]

Impacts on the natural environment

Temperature and weather changes

The climate of Azerbaijan is 1.3 degrees hotter.[1] Extreme weather events are increasing.[8]

Sea level change

The water level of the Caspian Sea is falling.[2]

Water resources

Ecosystems

There are many ecoregions in Azerbaijan. There are camps to teach schoolchilden about biodiversity.[9] Forests in the Caucasus are affected.[10] Ecological problems on the coast are being made worse by climate change.[11]

Biodiversity

State reserves of Azerbaijan are meant to protect the wildlife of Azerbaijan. The 2019 report to the Convention on Biological Diversity said that further research is needed.[12]

Impacts on people

Economic impacts

In the post-Soviet economic period, the Azerbaijani economy has become state-controlled and oil-based. Oil is the main contributor to the Azerbaijan economy; decreases in oil prices negatively affect the entire country. [5]

Cotton may be the most affected agriculture in Azerbaijan, which is sensitive to climate change.[13][14] In 2023 the Minister of Agriculture reported that the country is engaging in climate-smart agriculture.[15] Fishing is affected.[16] Stranded assets are a long-term risk.[17]

Health impacts

Health in Azerbaijan may suffer from the extreme heat and a longer malaria season.[18]

Mitigation

Mitigation approaches

As of 2023 there is no net zero target.[1]

Policies and legislation to achieve mitigation

There are intermediate GHG reduction targets.[1] The country's second Nationally Determined Contribution includes a 40% reduction compared to 1990.[19]

Adaptation

Adaptation approaches

A national adaptation plan is hoped to be published in 2024.[20]

Policies and legislation to achieve adaptation

International cooperation

COP29 is being hosted in Baku in 2024, probably in November; it will be the third oil-producing country in a row to host the conference.[3][21] Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement may be discussed.[22]

Society and culture

Activism

There is a Youth Climate Envoys programme.[23]

Private sector efforts

It may be possible to produce low-carbon hydrogen.[24]

Controversies

Some have criticised that the country was chosen to host COP29 and say that environmental activists are repressed.[25]

Arts and media

Media freedom in Azerbaijan is restricted, including around discussions of climate change.[3][26]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Climate change in Azerbaijan.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Azerbaijan". EU4Climate. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  2. 1 2 Samant, Rohit; Prange, Matthias (2023-10-07). "Climate-driven 21st century Caspian Sea level decline estimated from CMIP6 projections". Communications Earth & Environment. 4 (1): 357. Bibcode:2023ComEE...4..357S. doi:10.1038/s43247-023-01017-8. ISSN 2662-4435.
  3. 1 2 3 Plumer, Brad; Bearak, Max (2023-12-09). "Azerbaijan Is Expected to Host the U.N. Climate Summit in 2024". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  4. 1 2 3 "Country Inventory - Climate TRACE". climatetrace.org. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  5. 1 2 Vidadili, Nurtaj; Suleymanov, Elchin; Bulut, Cihan; Mahmudlu, Ceyhun (2017). "Transition to renewable energy and sustainable energy development in Azerbaijan". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 80: 1153–1161. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.168.
  6. ↑ Philander, S. George (2012-06-13). Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change, Second Edition. SAGE Publications. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-5063-2075-5.
  7. ↑ "TEEB scoping study for forestry sector of Azerbaijan" (PDF).
  8. ↑ "Inputs for OHCHR's Analytical Study on the Impacts of Climate Change on the Enjoyment of the Right to Health (Human Rights Council Resolution 29/15) Contribution by Azerbaijan" (PDF).
  9. ↑ "Azerbaijan | CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION | Education Profiles". education-profiles.org. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  10. ↑ Mammadov, Tofig (2021-12-15). "Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Forestry in Azerbaijan". Natural Products and Biotechnology. 1 (2): 96–105. ISSN 2791-674X.
  11. ↑ Mammadov, T. S.; Balapour, Sh. (2015-01-01). "Climate Change Impacts on Azerbaijan Biodiversity in the Caspian Sea". Procedia Environmental Sciences. Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015). 29: 4. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.124. ISSN 1878-0296.
  12. ↑ Azerbaijan 6th national report (PDF) (Report).
  13. ↑ "Climate-Smart Agriculture Shows Promise in Improving Azerbaijan's Cotton Productivity". www.iaea.org. 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  14. ↑ "Investments and Policy Reforms Towards Low-Carbon Transition and Resilience are in Azerbaijan's Economic Interest, says WBG Report". World Bank. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  15. ↑ "FAO 2023 conference" (PDF).
  16. ↑ "Climate change affects amount of fish caught in Caspian Sea". Azernews.Az. 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  17. ↑ "Climate Change 'Stranded Assets' Are a Long-Term Risk for Some Sovereigns". www.fitchratings.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  18. ↑ "risk profile" (PDF).
  19. ↑ "Azerbaijan unveils new 2050 climate target in its NDC | Enerdata". www.enerdata.net. 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  20. ↑ "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal". climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  21. ↑ "Event: 2024 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 29) | SDG Knowledge Hub | IISD". Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  22. ↑ "COP28 kicks carbon trading down the road as EU blocks deal".
  23. ↑ "Young people in Azerbaijan embark on a climate action journey | UNICEF Europe and Central Asia". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  24. ↑ "Green Growth: Mirage or Reality for Azerbaijan's Future?". blogs.worldbank.org. 2022-11-23. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  25. ↑ "Controversy as COP29 to be held in Azerbaijan". OC Media. 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  26. ↑ Lo, Joe (2023-12-09). "Oil-reliant Azerbaijan chosen to host Cop29 climate talks". Climate Home News. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
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