ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages.[1] Each language is assigned a two-letter (set 1) and three-letter lowercase abbreviation (sets 2–5).[2]
Table
This table lists all of two-letter codes (set 1), one per language for ISO 639 macrolanguage, and some of the three-letter codes of the other sets, formerly parts 2 and 3.
| ISO language name | Set 1 | Set 2/T | Set 2/B | Set 3 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazian | ab | abk | abk | abk | also known as Abkhaz |
| Afar | aa | aar | aar | aar | |
| Afrikaans | af | afr | afr | afr | |
| Akan | ak | aka | aka | aka + 2 | macrolanguage, Twi is tw/twi, Fanti is fat |
| Albanian | sq | sqi | alb | sqi + 4 | macrolanguage, called "Albanian Phylozone" in 639-6 |
| Amharic | am | amh | amh | amh | |
| Arabic | ar | ara | ara | ara + 28 | macrolanguage, Standard Arabic is arb |
| Aragonese | an | arg | arg | arg | |
| Armenian | hy | hye | arm | hye | ISO 639-3 code hye is for Eastern Armenian, hyw is for Western Armenian, and xcl is for Classical Armenian |
| Assamese | as | asm | asm | asm | |
| Avaric | av | ava | ava | ava | also known as Avar |
| Avestan | ae | ave | ave | ave | ancient |
| Aymara | ay | aym | aym | aym + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Azerbaijani | az | aze | aze | aze + 2 | macrolanguage, also known as Azeri |
| Bambara | bm | bam | bam | bam | |
| Bashkir | ba | bak | bak | bak | |
| Basque | eu | eus | baq | eus | |
| Belarusian | be | bel | bel | bel | |
| Bengali | bn | ben | ben | ben | also known as Bangla |
| Bislama | bi | bis | bis | bis | Language formed from English and Vanuatuan languages, with some French influence. |
| Bosnian | bs | bos | bos | bos | |
| Breton | br | bre | bre | bre | |
| Bulgarian | bg | bul | bul | bul | |
| Burmese | my | mya | bur | mya | also known as Myanmar |
| Catalan, Valencian | ca | cat | cat | cat | |
| Chamorro | ch | cha | cha | cha | |
| Chechen | ce | che | che | che | |
| Chichewa, Chewa, Nyanja | ny | nya | nya | nya | |
| Chinese | zh | zho | chi | zho + 16 | macrolanguage |
| Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic | cu | chu | chu | chu | ancient, in use by the Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Chuvash | cv | chv | chv | chv | |
| Cornish | kw | cor | cor | cor | |
| Corsican | co | cos | cos | cos | |
| Cree | cr | cre | cre | cre + 6 | macrolanguage |
| Croatian | hr | hrv | hrv | hrv | |
| Czech | cs | ces | cze | ces | |
| Danish | da | dan | dan | dan | |
| Divehi, Dhivehi, Maldivian | dv | div | div | div | |
| Dutch, Flemish | nl | nld | dut | nld | Flemish is not to be confused with the closely related West Flemish which is referred to as Vlaams (Dutch for "Flemish") in ISO 639-3 and has the ISO 639-3 code vls |
| Dzongkha | dz | dzo | dzo | dzo | |
| English | en | eng | eng | eng | |
| Esperanto | eo | epo | epo | epo | constructed, initially by L.L. Zamenhof in 1887 |
| Estonian | et | est | est | est + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Ewe | ee | ewe | ewe | ewe | |
| Faroese | fo | fao | fao | fao | |
| Fijian | fj | fij | fij | fij | |
| Finnish | fi | fin | fin | fin | |
| French | fr | fra | fre | fra | |
| Western Frisian | fy | fry | fry | fry | also known as Frisian or Fries |
| Fulah | ff | ful | ful | ful + 9 | macrolanguage, also known as Fula |
| Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic | gd | gla | gla | gla | |
| Galician | gl | glg | glg | glg | |
| Ganda | lg | lug | lug | lug | |
| Georgian | ka | kat | geo | kat | |
| German | de | deu | ger | deu | |
| Greek, Modern (1453–) | el | ell | gre | ell | for Ancient Greek, use the ISO 639-3 code grc |
| Kalaallisut, Greenlandic | kl | kal | kal | kal | |
| Guarani | gn | grn | grn | grn + 5 | macrolanguage |
| Gujarati | gu | guj | guj | guj | |
| Haitian, Haitian Creole | ht | hat | hat | hat | |
| Hausa | ha | hau | hau | hau | |
| Hebrew | he | heb | heb | heb | Modern Hebrew. Code changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, iw.[3] |
| Herero | hz | her | her | her | |
| Hindi | hi | hin | hin | hin | |
| Hiri Motu | ho | hmo | hmo | hmo | |
| Hungarian | hu | hun | hun | hun | |
| Icelandic | is | isl | ice | isl | |
| Ido | io | ido | ido | ido | constructed by De Beaufront, 1907, as variation of Esperanto |
| Igbo | ig | ibo | ibo | ibo | |
| Indonesian | id | ind | ind | ind | covered by macrolanguage ms/msa. Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, in.[3] |
| Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) | ia | ina | ina | ina | constructed by the International Auxiliary Language Association |
| Interlingue, Occidental | ie | ile | ile | ile | constructed by Edgar de Wahl, first published in 1922 |
| Inuktitut | iu | iku | iku | iku + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Inupiaq | ik | ipk | ipk | ipk + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Irish | ga | gle | gle | gle | |
| Italian | it | ita | ita | ita | |
| Japanese | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | |
| Javanese | jv | jav | jav | jav | |
| Kannada | kn | kan | kan | kan | |
| Kanuri | kr | kau | kau | kau + 3 | macrolanguage |
| Kashmiri | ks | kas | kas | kas | |
| Kazakh | kk | kaz | kaz | kaz | |
| Central Khmer | km | khm | khm | khm | also known as Khmer or Cambodian |
| Kikuyu, Gikuyu | ki | kik | kik | kik | |
| Kinyarwanda | rw | kin | kin | kin | |
| Kirghiz, Kyrgyz | ky | kir | kir | kir | |
| Komi | kv | kom | kom | kom + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Kongo | kg | kon | kon | kon + 3 | macrolanguage |
| Korean | ko | kor | kor | kor | |
| Kuanyama, Kwanyama | kj | kua | kua | kua | |
| Kurdish | ku | kur | kur | kur + 3 | macrolanguage |
| Lao | lo | lao | lao | lao | |
| Latin | la | lat | lat | lat | ancient |
| Latvian | lv | lav | lav | lav + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Limburgan, Limburger, Limburgish | li | lim | lim | lim | |
| Lingala | ln | lin | lin | lin | |
| Lithuanian | lt | lit | lit | lit | |
| Luba-Katanga | lu | lub | lub | lub | also known as Luba-Shaba |
| Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch | lb | ltz | ltz | ltz | also known as Luxembourgian and Lëtzebuergesch |
| Macedonian | mk | mkd | mac | mkd | |
| Malagasy | mg | mlg | mlg | mlg + 11 | macrolanguage |
| Malay | ms | msa | may | msa + 36 | macrolanguage, Standard Malay is zsm, Indonesian is id/ind |
| Malayalam | ml | mal | mal | mal | |
| Maltese | mt | mlt | mlt | mlt | |
| Manx | gv | glv | glv | glv | |
| Maori | mi | mri | mao | mri | also known as Māori |
| Marathi | mr | mar | mar | mar | also known as Marāṭhī |
| Marshallese | mh | mah | mah | mah | |
| Mongolian | mn | mon | mon | mon + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Nauru | na | nau | nau | nau | also known as Nauruan |
| Navajo, Navaho | nv | nav | nav | nav | |
| North Ndebele | nd | nde | nde | nde | also known as Northern Ndebele |
| South Ndebele | nr | nbl | nbl | nbl | also known as Southern Ndebele |
| Ndonga | ng | ndo | ndo | ndo | |
| Nepali | ne | nep | nep | nep + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Norwegian | no | nor | nor | nor + 2 | macrolanguage, Bokmål is nb/nob, Nynorsk is nn/nno |
| Norwegian Bokmål | nb | nob | nob | nob | covered by macrolanguage no/nor |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | nn | nno | nno | nno | covered by macrolanguage no/nor |
| Sichuan Yi, Nuosu | ii | iii | iii | iii | standard form of the Yi languages |
| Occitan | oc | oci | oci | oci | |
| Ojibwa | oj | oji | oji | oji + 7 | macrolanguage, also known as Ojibwe |
| Oriya | or | ori | ori | ori + 2 | macrolanguage, also known as Odia |
| Oromo | om | orm | orm | orm + 4 | macrolanguage |
| Ossetian, Ossetic | os | oss | oss | oss | |
| Pali | pi | pli | pli | pli | ancient, also known as Pāli |
| Pashto, Pushto | ps | pus | pus | pus + 3 | macrolanguage |
| Persian | fa | fas | per | fas + 2 | macrolanguage, also known as Farsi |
| Polish | pl | pol | pol | pol | |
| Portuguese | pt | por | por | por | |
| Punjabi, Panjabi | pa | pan | pan | pan | |
| Quechua | qu | que | que | que + 43 | macrolanguage |
| Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan | ro | ron | rum | ron | the identifiers mo and mol for Moldavian are deprecated. They will not be assigned to different items, and recordings using these identifiers will not be invalid. |
| Romansh | rm | roh | roh | roh | |
| Rundi | rn | run | run | run | also known as Kirundi |
| Russian | ru | rus | rus | rus | |
| Northern Sami | se | sme | sme | sme | |
| Samoan | sm | smo | smo | smo | |
| Sango | sg | sag | sag | sag | |
| Sanskrit | sa | san | san | san | ancient |
| Sardinian | sc | srd | srd | srd + 4 | macrolanguage |
| Serbian | sr | srp | srp | srp | the ISO 639-2/T code srp deprecated the ISO 639-2/B code scc[4] |
| Shona | sn | sna | sna | sna | |
| Sindhi | sd | snd | snd | snd | |
| Sinhala, Sinhalese | si | sin | sin | sin | |
| Slovak | sk | slk | slo | slk | |
| Slovenian | sl | slv | slv | slv | also known as Slovene |
| Somali | so | som | som | som | |
| Southern Sotho | st | sot | sot | sot | |
| Spanish, Castilian | es | spa | spa | spa | |
| Sundanese | su | sun | sun | sun | |
| Swahili | sw | swa | swa | swa + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Swati | ss | ssw | ssw | ssw | also known as Swazi |
| Swedish | sv | swe | swe | swe | |
| Tagalog | tl | tgl | tgl | tgl | note: Filipino (Pilipino) has the code fil |
| Tahitian | ty | tah | tah | tah | one of the Reo Mā`ohi (languages of French Polynesia)[5] |
| Tajik | tg | tgk | tgk | tgk | |
| Tamil | ta | tam | tam | tam | also known as Tamizh |
| Tatar | tt | tat | tat | tat | |
| Telugu | te | tel | tel | tel | |
| Thai | th | tha | tha | tha | |
| Tibetan | bo | bod | tib | bod | also known as Standard Tibetan |
| Tigrinya | ti | tir | tir | tir | |
| Tonga (Tonga Islands) | to | ton | ton | ton | also known as Tongan |
| Tsonga | ts | tso | tso | tso | |
| Tswana | tn | tsn | tsn | tsn | |
| Turkish | tr | tur | tur | tur | |
| Turkmen | tk | tuk | tuk | tuk | |
| Twi | tw | twi | twi | twi | covered by macrolanguage ak/aka |
| Uighur, Uyghur | ug | uig | uig | uig | |
| Ukrainian | uk | ukr | ukr | ukr | |
| Urdu | ur | urd | urd | urd | |
| Uzbek | uz | uzb | uzb | uzb + 2 | macrolanguage |
| Venda | ve | ven | ven | ven | |
| Vietnamese | vi | vie | vie | vie | |
| Volapük | vo | vol | vol | vol | constructed |
| Walloon | wa | wln | wln | wln | |
| Welsh | cy | cym | wel | cym | |
| Wolof | wo | wol | wol | wol | |
| Xhosa | xh | xho | xho | xho | |
| Yiddish | yi | yid | yid | yid + 2 | macrolanguage. Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, ji.[3] |
| Yoruba | yo | yor | yor | yor | |
| Zhuang, Chuang | za | zha | zha | zha + 16 | macrolanguage |
| Zulu | zu | zul | zul | zul |
Table of all possible two letter codes
| aa | ab | ac | ad | ae | af | ag | ah | ai | aj | ak | al | am | an | ao | ap | aq | ar | as | at | au | av | aw | ax | ay | az |
| ba | bb | bc | bd | be | bf | bg | bh | bi | bj | bk | bl | bm | bn | bo | bp | bq | br | bs | bt | bu | bv | bw | bx | by | bz |
| ca | cb | cc | cd | ce | cf | cg | ch | ci | cj | ck | cl | cm | cn | co | cp | cq | cr | cs | ct | cu | cv | cw | cx | cy | cz |
| da | db | dc | dd | de | df | dg | dh | di | dj | dk | dl | dm | dn | do | dp | dq | dr | ds | dt | du | dv | dw | dx | dy | dz |
| ea | eb | ec | ed | ee | ef | eg | eh | ei | ej | ek | el | em | en | eo | ep | eq | er | es | et | eu | ev | ew | ex | ey | ez |
| fa | fb | fc | fd | fe | ff | fg | fh | fi | fj | fk | fl | fm | fn | fo | fp | fq | fr | fs | ft | fu | fv | fw | fx | fy | fz |
| ga | gb | gc | gd | ge | gf | gg | gh | gi | gj | gk | gl | gm | gn | go | gp | gq | gr | gs | gt | gu | gv | gw | gx | gy | gz |
| ha | hb | hc | hd | he | hf | hg | hh | hi | hj | hk | hl | hm | hn | ho | hp | hq | hr | hs | ht | hu | hv | hw | hx | hy | hz |
| ia | ib | ic | id | ie | if | ig | ih | ii | ij | ik | il | im | in | io | ip | iq | ir | is | it | iu | iv | iw | ix | iy | iz |
| ja | jb | jc | jd | je | jf | jg | jh | ji | jj | jk | jl | jm | jn | jo | jp | jq | jr | js | jt | ju | jv | jw | jx | jy | jz |
| ka | kb | kc | kd | ke | kf | kg | kh | ki | kj | kk | kl | km | kn | ko | kp | kq | kr | ks | kt | ku | kv | kw | kx | ky | kz |
| la | lb | lc | ld | le | lf | lg | lh | li | lj | lk | ll | lm | ln | lo | lp | lq | lr | ls | lt | lu | lv | lw | lx | ly | lz |
| ma | mb | mc | md | me | mf | mg | mh | mi | mj | mk | ml | mm | mn | mo | mp | mq | mr | ms | mt | mu | mv | mw | mx | my | mz |
| na | nb | nc | nd | ne | nf | ng | nh | ni | nj | nk | nl | nm | nn | no | np | nq | nr | ns | nt | nu | nv | nw | nx | ny | nz |
| oa | ob | oc | od | oe | of | og | oh | oi | oj | ok | ol | om | on | oo | op | oq | or | os | ot | ou | ov | ow | ox | oy | oz |
| pa | pb | pc | pd | pe | pf | pg | ph | pi | pj | pk | pl | pm | pn | po | pp | pq | pr | ps | pt | pu | pv | pw | px | py | pz |
| qa | qb | qc | qd | qe | qf | qg | qh | qi | qj | qk | ql | qm | qn | qo | qp | qr | qs | qt | qu | qv | qw | qx | qy | qz | |
| ra | rb | rc | rd | re | rf | rg | rh | ri | rj | rk | rl | rm | rn | ro | rp | rq | rr | rs | rt | ru | rv | rw | rx | ry | rz |
| sa | sb | sc | sd | se | sf | sg | sh | si | sj | sk | sl | sm | sn | so | sp | sq | sr | ss | st | su | sv | sw | sx | sy | sz |
| ta | tb | tc | td | te | tf | tg | th | ti | tj | tk | tl | tm | tn | to | tp | tq | tr | ts | tt | tu | tv | tw | tx | ty | tz |
| ua | ub | uc | ud | ue | uf | ug | uh | ui | uj | uk | ul | um | un | uo | up | uq | ur | us | ut | uu | uv | uw | ux | uy | uz |
| va | vb | vc | vd | ve | vf | vg | vh | vi | vj | vk | vl | vm | vn | vo | vp | vq | vr | vs | vt | vu | vv | vw | vx | vy | vz |
| wa | wb | wc | wd | we | wf | wg | wh | wi | wj | wk | wl | wm | wn | wo | wp | wq | wr | ws | wt | wu | wv | ww | wx | wy | wz |
| xa | xb | xc | xd | xe | xf | xg | xh | xi | xj | xk | xl | xm | xn | xo | xp | xq | xr | xs | xt | xu | xv | xw | xx | xy | xz |
| ya | yb | yc | yd | ye | yf | yg | yh | yi | yj | yk | yl | ym | yn | yo | yp | yq | yr | ys | yt | yu | yv | yw | yx | yy | yz |
| za | zb | zc | zd | ze | zf | zg | zh | zi | zj | zk | zl | zm | zn | zo | zp | zq | zr | zs | zt | zu | zv | zw | zx | zy | zz |
| Colour legend | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
183/676 |
Officially assigned: assigned to a language | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
7/676 |
Deprecated: used previously but no longer assigned | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
486/676 |
Unassigned | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "ISO 639:2023 Code for individual languages and language groups". International Organization for Standardization. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
This document specifies the ISO 639 language code and establishes the harmonized terminology and general principles of language coding.
- ↑ "Access to the databases of the ISO 639 Language Code" (PDF). International Organization for Standardization. 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- 1 2 3 Cover, Robin. "Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989". xml.coverpages.org. Archived from the original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
- ↑ "Code Changes". ISO 639-2. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
- ↑ Charpentier, Jean-Michel; François, Alexandre (2015). Atlas Linguistique de Polynésie Française — Linguistic Atlas of French Polynesia (in French and English). Mouton de Gruyter & Université de la Polynésie Française. p. 106. ISBN 978-3-11-026035-9. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
External links
Wikiversity has learning resources about ISO 639-1 language matrix
- Official ISO 639 list at the Library of Congress
- meta:Template:List of language names ordered by code on Wikimedia
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