Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".[1]
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) | .jpg.webp) |
| Stripe | Pectobacterium carotovorum | .jpg.webp) |
Fungal diseases
Miscellaneous diseases
| Miscellaneous diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens | .jpg.webp) |
| Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved | |
Insect pests
- Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
- Bathycoelia thalassina - West Africa
- Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
- Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America
Nematodes, parasitic
| Nematodes, parasitic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. | ||
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. | .jpg.webp) | |
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. | _Figure_2.jpg.webp) | |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. |  | |
| Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. |  | |
| Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. | ||
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. | .jpg.webp) | |
| Spiral nematode | Helicotylenchus spp. |  | |
| Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. |  |
|
Parasitic plants
| Mistletoes | |
|---|---|
| Dendrophthora spp. |  |
| Loranthus spp. |  |
| Oryctanthus spp. |  |
| Phoradendron spp. |  |
| Phthirusa spp. | .jpg.webp) |
| Tapinanthus spp. |  |
Viral and viroid diseases
| Viral and viroid diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) |  | |
| Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) | ||
| Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV) | ||
References
- ↑ "The World's Worst Cocoa Problems". www.dropdata.org. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society
- IPARC Guide to cocoa pests and their management.
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