Taiwanese Southern Min Recommended Characters
Traditional Chinese臺灣閩南語推薦用字

Taiwanese Southern Min Recommended Characters is a set of three lists of Taiwanese Hokkien characters, numbering 700 in total, which were published by the Taiwan Ministry of Education between 2007 and 2009 [1][2][3][4][5] recommending which Chinese characters to use when writing Taiwanese Hokkien with Chinese characters.[6]

Categories of characters

  • Root characters (本字): Characters closest in meaning and pronunciation to ancient definitions from rime dictionaries such as Fanqie, for example 山 mountain, 水 water, 天 heaven. Some Taiwanese Hokkien characters are consistent with ancient Chinese, for example 箸 ("chopsticks"; 筷子 in Standard Mandarin), 行 ("walk", 走 in Standard Mandarin) and 食 ("eat", 吃 in Standard Mandarin).
  • Semantic reading characters (訓用字): If the root character is uncertain, then use the Standard Mandarin Vernacular Chinese equivalent that is closest in pronunciation and meaning to the Taiwanese Hokkien morpheme, for example 戇 (gōng), 挖 (óo/ué).
  • Phonetic borrowing characters (借音字): If the root character is uncertain and there are no close equivalent morphemes in Standard Mandarin, characters with similar sounds that have gained widespread acceptance in literature can be used, for example 嘛 (mā, "also"), 佳哉 (ka-tsài, "fortunately"), 磅空 (pōng-khang, "tunnel").
  • Orthodox characters (傳統習用字): Some morphemes have root characters, however there are also a large number of semantic reading characters or phonetic borrowing characters that are more commonly used, resulting in the root characters becoming obscure and rare. In this case, the more commonly used characters should be used rather than the orthodox characters, for example 你 (lí, "you"; equivalent root character 汝), 人 (lâng, "person"; equivalent root character 儂).
  • Combined sound characters (合音字): As a result of a lack of consensus among writers regarding word use, some monosyllable Taiwanese Hokkien morphemes are still written with equivalent polysyllable phrases, for example 落去 (lueh), 佗位 (tueh), 昨昏 (tsa̋ng), 啥人 (siáng). However, some common homophonous characters have become widely adopted over the bisyllabic equivalent, for example 阮 (originally 我人), 莫 (originally 毋愛), 袂 (originally 無會).

Examples

Taiwanese Hokkien characterTâi-lô readingEnglish translationStandard Mandarin equivalent
伊ithird-person pronoun他 / 她 / 牠 / 它
予hōogive, passive voice marker給、被
臆iohguess猜測
耍sńgmerriment玩樂
擲tànthrow丟擲
毋m̄no, not不
睏khùnsleep睡覺
媠suíbeautiful, handsome美麗的、英俊的
踅se̍hspin, orbit轉動、繞行
捀phângserve with both hands端(手)
囝kiánnson兒子
覕bihhide躲藏
甌aucup杯子
刣thâislaughter宰殺
睭tsiueye眼睛
撨tshiâuadjustment調整
挵lòngstrike撞擊
喝huahshout, roar喊、吼
徛khiāstand站立
仝kângidentical相同的
濟tsē / tsuēnumerous眾多的
捒sakpush推
抾khiohpick up撿拾
囥khǹgput放置
歇hioh / heh / hennhrest休息
足tsiokvery非常地
䆀báiugly醜陋的
泅siûswim游泳
縛pa̍kbound綑綁
攑gia̍hhold, lift, carry拿、舉、抬
沃akpour澆(水)
蹛tuàreside居住
傱tsôngrun奔跑
賰tshunremainder剩餘
倩tshiànnhire聘用
搝giúpull拉、扯
啉limdrink飲用
遐hiathere那裡

See also

References

  1. ↑ "臺灣閩南語推薦用字".
  2. ↑ "臺灣閩南語推薦用字（第1批）" (PDF). Internet Archive copy
  3. ↑ "臺灣閩南語推薦用字（第2批）" (PDF). Internet Archive copy
  4. ↑ "臺灣閩南語推薦用字（第3批）" (PDF). Internet Archive copy
  5. ↑ 閩南用字終於統一！ 教育部「雄雄」公布推薦用字
  6. ↑ 教育部台灣閩南語推薦用字的比較分析 Comparative Analysis of The Taiwanese Southern-Min “thui-tsiàn-iōng-jī” (Recommended Words) of The Ministry of Education http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=U0045-2903201313494836


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